This 10question selfrating scale has been demonstrated to be an efficient and effective way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. Comparative efficacy of the generalized anxiety disorder 7. Reliability and validity of the edinburgh postnatal. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale1 epds adapted for fathers. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. Successfully screening for perinatal depression would require a screening tool with demonstrated accuracy.
This form is administered during postpartum when signs or symptoms indicate. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10item questionnaire that was developed to identify women who have postpartum depression. Development of the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Screening with the edinburgh postnatal depression scale may be appropriate. Cox jl, holden jm, sagovsky r 1987 detection of postnatal depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most widely used tool to detect postnatal depression, which can also detect depression during. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale1 epds adapted for fathers postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. This 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Developed as the edinburgh postnatal depression scale and validated for use in both pregnancy and the postnatal period to assess for possible depression and anxiety. Two hundred and forty perinatal women n 155 pregnant and n 85 postpartum referred for psychiatric consultation were enrolled. Pdf the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds in.
Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds scoring guide 1. P ease mark the answer which comes closest to how you have felt n the past 7 days not. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was introduced in 1987 and has since been validated as a depression screening tool in the australian and international setting. The epds is not a diagnostic tool and must always be used in conjunction with clinical assessment.
The spanish version was developed at the university of iowa based on earlier. Adapted by the kansas department of health and environment, bureau of family health, from tip sheets created by lilly irvinvitela, 2014, on behalf of uw milwaukee child welfare partnerships and wi dept. Pregnancy related postpartum depression screening cchap. Please select the answer that comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days. As you have recently had a baby, we would ike to know how you are fee ing. Items of the scale correspond to various clinical depression symptoms, such as guilt feeling, sleep disturbance, low energy, anhedonia, and suicidal ideation.
Responses are scored 0, 1, 2, or 3 according to increased severity of the symptom. Several studies have used the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, developed to screen new mothers, also for new fathers. Printable edinburgh postnatal depression scale fill online. If your total score is 11 or more, you could be experiencing postpartum depression ppd or anxiety. These differences in identified cutoff scores may be due to cultural variation in the expression of depressive symptoms in the perinatal period. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds ucsf fresno.
The perinatal clinical practice guidelines recommend that psychosocial assessment and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds be used by primary care and other health professionals to screen all women for symptoms of depression andor anxiety during the perinatal period. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds manual. The 10question edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a valuable and efficient way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 1 the questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have postpartum depression. Women are asked to answer each question in terms of the past seven days. Postnatal depression scale epds jl cox, jm holden, r sagovsky, department of psychiatry, university of edinburgh 1987 module 6 name.
Oct 15, 2010 postpartum major depression is a disorder that is often unrecognized and must be distinguished from baby blues. This is a new resource which collates copies of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds that have been translated into languages other than english and validated for use in screening to assist health workers detect perinatal depression, in. A mother checks off one of four possible answers that is. John cox, jeni holden and carol henshaw, perinatal mental. The test can usually be completed in less than 5 minutes. Detection of postnatal depression the british journal of. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 23 translations of the epds have been recently checked, revised or backtranslated and then reformatted by western sydney translation service onto the nsw health emr form to enable clinicians better access to validated versions via a. Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds. The 3 item anxiety subscale of the edinburgh postpartum. The epds has been validated for use in both pregnancy and the. Diagnostic accuracy of the edinburgh postnatal depression. As antenatal depression is a predictor of postnatal depression, early detection might prevent postnatal depression. The dutch version of the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was used to measure symptoms of depression.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most widely used screening questionnaire for ppd. The epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds since you are either pregnant or have recently had a baby, we want to know how you feel. You the edinburgh depression scale is ten questions basically asking you how you have felt in the past seven days and in those ten questions they each have a rating scale question number ten asks you if youve ever thought of harming yourself or harming somebody else how we use the intervarsity l as we screen our moms in the hospital if moms score moderate to high then that is the opportunity. This study aimed to further contribute to this knowledge by comparing assessment of possible depression in fathers and associated demographic factors by the epds and the gotland male depression scale gmds, developed for male depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect mothers suffering from postnatal depression. Paternal perinatal depression assessed by the edinburgh.
As you are having a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. This is not intended to provide a diagnosis only trained health professionals should do this. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds this 10 item selfreport questionnaire can be readily found online for free with scoring instructions. It has been utilized among numerous populations including u. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale client dob weeks pp. The nondiagnostic nature of the epds, its purpose and the fact that it relates to the previous seven days not just that day, should be clearly explained.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale tip sheet edinburgh. To download information click on the selected language. Screening tools specifically developed for pregnant and postpartum women edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds this document is available in english as well as in languages other than english. Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds for use between 28 32 weeks in all pregnancies and 6 8 weeks postpartum name. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds consists of 10 questions. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds free social. The 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most commonly used screening tool in pregnancy and postpartum.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds manual richard pye scottish medical journal 2014 59. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most widely used screening tool for postpartum depression ppd. It was developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect whether mothers are suffering from postnatal depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale tip sheet analyze data to see if there are any trends. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale against. Calculating a score on the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed to assist primary care health professionals in detecting mothers suffering from postpartum depression ppd. Postnatal depression is poorly identified in the community. Does the edinburgh postpartum depression scale epds3 anxiety subscale perform as well as the full 10 item epds scale in screening for postnatal depression, and how do other brief screening alternatives compare. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds manual, 2nd ed. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most wellknown, validated instrument for screening pregnancyrelated depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most widely used tool to detect postnatal depression, which can also detect depression during the antenatal period. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale results pdf pediatric symptom checklist 17 psc17. Mental health screening tools in different languages. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale black dog institute.
It has 10 questions, is free, is relatively easy to score, and can be completed in less than 5 minutes by the mother. Each question is scored 03 resulting range 030 and completion takes around 5 min. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is frequently used during the perinatal period, but the cut. Predictive accuracy of edinburgh postnatal depression. It assesses emotional experiences over the past seven days using ten likert scale items see additional file 1. Postpartum major depression american family physician. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale pdf sample letter to patients doctor re.
A recent study indicated that the epds may be further abbreviated to a three question version which can be used to screen for postpartum depression. This individuals most recent test results indicate likely depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a questionnaire and was designed as a simple means of screening for postnatal depression in health care settings. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds calculator. It is easy to score, designed specifically for use in peripartum populations, is well validated during pregnancy and postpartum, available in over 20 languages, and is crossculturally validated.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds spanish pdf edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds scoring instructions pdf sample signature page for new mothers re. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. Does the edinburgh postpartum depression scale epds 3 anxiety subscale perform as well as the full 10 item epds scale in screening for postnatal depression, and how do other brief screening alternatives compare. Screening for depression during pregnancy with the. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in women with depression and anxiety during pregnancy and in the year following the birth of a child. Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Links to the english and multilingual resources can be accessed further below. One hundred and three postpartum women completed the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds and were interviewed using the diagnostic interview schedule. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds perinatal services.
I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things 0 as much as i always could 1 not quite so much now 2 definitely not so much now 3 not at all 2. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10question screening tool that has been validated for the assessment of mood in the early postpartum period 43 but must be supported by clinical assessment of mood for the diagnosis of pnd to be made. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds is a 10question selfrating scale that was designed for and originally validated with postpartum women. Accuracy of the whooley questions and the edinburgh. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale client dob weeks pp date. After extensive pilot interviews a validation study was carried out on 84 mothers using the research diagnostic criteria for depressive illness obtained from goldbergs standardised psychiatric interview. Validation of the punjabi version of the edinburgh postnatal. The epds is easy to administer and has proven to be an effective. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed in scotland at health centers in livingston and edinburgh.
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